Platform Controller Hub
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Platform Controller Hub (PCH) is a family of Intel microchips. I/O Functions have been reassigned between the PCH, a new central hub, and the CPU. Some northbridge functions, the memory controller and PCI-e lanes, were integrated into the CPU while the PCH took over the remaining functions in addition to the traditional roles of the southbridge.
The new PCH-oriented platform architecture was designed to address the eventual problem of a bottleneck between the processor and the motherboard. The speed of CPU kept increasing, but the bandwidth of the front-side bus (FSB) (connection between the CPU and the motherboard) did not, thus a bottleneck would occur.
Before the Platform Controller Hub, a motherboard would have a two piece chipset consisting of a northbridge chip and a southbridge chip. As a solution to the bottleneck, several functions belonging to the traditional northbridge and southbridge chipsets were rearranged. The northbridge is now eliminated completely and its functions, the integrated memory controller (IMC) and graphics lanes, are now incorporated into the CPU die or package.
The PCH then incorporates a few of the remaining northbridge functions(e.g. clocking) in addition to all of the southbridge's functions. The system clock is previously a connection and is now fused in with the PCH. Two different connections exist between the PCH and the CPU: Flexible Display Interface (FDI) and Direct Media Interface (DMI). The FDI is only used when the chipset requires supporting a processor with integrated graphics.
With the northbridge functions integrated to the CPU, much of the bandwidth needed for chipsets are now relieved.
Platform Controller Hub Based Chipset Architecture Block Diagram
The Intel 5 Series chipsets were the first to introduce a PCH. This first PCH is codenamed Ibex Peak.
[edit]Issues
USB ports hang with bulk and control traffic (erratum 7 & Microsoft KB982091 [1])
Bogus USB ports will be detected at desktop PCH equipped with 6 USB ports (3420, H55) on the first EHCI controller. This can happen when AC power is removed after entering ACPI S4. Adding AC power back and resuming from S4 may result in non detected or even non functioning USB device (erratum 12)
Bogus USB ports will be detected at mobile PCH equipped with 6 USB ports (HM55) on the first EHCI controller. This can happen when AC power and battery are removed after entering ACPI S4. Adding AC power or battery back and resuming from S4 may result in non detected or even non functioning USB device (erratum 13)
Reading the HPET comparator timer immediately after a write, returns the old value (erratum 14)
SATA 6Gbit/s devices may not be detected at cold boot or after ACPI S3, S4 resume (erratum 21)
[edit]Langwell
Langwell is the codename of a PCH in the Moorestown MID platform chipset.[1][2] for Atom Lincroft microprocessors.
This has the following variations:
AF82MP20 (PCH MP20)
AF82MP30 (PCH MP30)
[edit]Tiger Point
Tiger Point is the codename of a PCH in the Pine Trail netbook platform chipset for Atom Pineview microprocessors.
This has the following variations:
CG82NM10 (PCH NM10)
[edit]Topcliff
Topcliff is the codename of a PCH in the Queens Bay embedded platform chipset for Atom Tunnel Creek microprocessors.
It connects to the processor via PCI-E (vs. DMI as other PCHs do).
This has the following variations:
CS82TPCF (PCH EG20T)
[edit]Cougar Point
Cougar Point is the codename of a PCH in Intel 6 Series chipsets for mobile, desktop, and workstation / server platforms. It is most closely associated with Sandy Bridge processors.
This has the following variations:
BD82C202 (PCH C202) Server
BD82C204 (PCH C204) Server
BD82C206 (PCH C206) Workstation / Server
[edit]Issues
In the first month of Cougar Point's release, January 2011, Intel posted a press release stating a design error had been discovered.[3] Specifically, a transistor in the 3 Gbit/s PLL clocking tree was receiving too high voltage.[4] The projected result was a 5–15% failure rate within three years of 3 Gbit/s SATA ports, commonly used for storage devices such as hard drives and DVD drives. Through OEMs, Intel plans to repair or replace all affected products at a cost of $700 million.
[edit]Whitney Point
Whitney Point is the codename of a PCH in the Oak Trail platform chipset for Atom Lincroft microprocessors.
This has the following variations:
82SM35 (PCH SM35)
[edit]Panther Point
According to Intel roadmaps,[5] the next PCH to replace Cougar Point will be Panther Point and will be paired with Ivy Bridge processors. These chipsets will have integrated USB 3.0[6]
[edit]Lynx Point
Future. For Haswell (microarchitecture).
[edit]Future
The Intel X58 Tylersburg based platform will likely be replaced by Waimea Bay, which includes a Sandy Bridge-E CPU and an X79 Patsburg PCH.[7][8]
[edit]See also
星期二, 2月 14, 2012
Intel CPU News
Intel intros Xeon E5-2600 family, finally ushers servers into the Sandy Bridge era
On the eve of the release of Ivy Bridge, Intel is finally bringing its server chips up to speed by introducing theSandy Bridge-based E5-2600 family of CPUs. The company claims its latest processors outperform the previous generation of Xeons by up to 80 percent in raw speed, while improving per-watt performance by 50 percent. The eight-core chips support up to 768GB of RAM, PCI Express 3.0, Hyper-Threading, Turbo Boost, Intel Virtualization -- basically the whole Chipzilla portfolio of tricks. A grand total of 17 different Xeons will be available, ranging in price from $198 to $2,050. For complete details hit up the more coverage link and check out the PR after the break.Intel CPU roadmap Ivy Bridge (microarchitecture)
Complete Ivy Bridge line-up is leaked on Intel website
Intel has many new products lined up for the launch in the next few months, including desktop, mobile and server Ivy Bridge processors, and numerous Xeon Sandy Bridge EP models. With the sheer number of upcoming products, it's not surprising that details of some of them are leaked not just by partners, but by the Intel themself. One day ago during routine Google search we spotted a flipbook PDF file, titled New 3rd Generation Intel Core Processors(11MB PDF file). The PDF file is open to public, and contains full line up of desktop and mobile microprocessors for January - April 2012. In addition to Core, Nehalem and Sandy Bridge models, that document also includes third generation Core i5-3xxx and i7-3xxx desktop and mobile chips:
Click on the image to zoom
The PDF doesn't list any i3-3xxx Ivy Bridge microprocessors, that are supposedly coming in May or June. Specifications of most processors in the document match previously leaked roadmaps. The flipbook does contain a few new previously unknown Ultra Low Voltage parts, such as Core i7-3517U and Core i5-3317U. Details of these ULV processors were disclosed by VR-Zone a few hours ago.
Related News (older articles):
Feb 23, 2012: Launch schedule of Ivy Bridge processors
Dec 19, 2011: Prices of Ivy Bridge desktop CPUs
Dec 13, 2011: Details of embedded and OEM mobile Ivy Bridge CPUs
Dec 06, 2011: Ivy Bridge mobile CPU lineup revealed
Nov 27, 2011: Ivy Bridge desktop CPU lineup details, part II
Nov 27, 2011: Ivy Bridge desktop CPU lineup details
Complete Ivy Bridge line-up is leaked on Intel website
Intel has many new products lined up for the launch in the next few months, including desktop, mobile and server Ivy Bridge processors, and numerous Xeon Sandy Bridge EP models. With the sheer number of upcoming products, it's not surprising that details of some of them are leaked not just by partners, but by the Intel themself. One day ago during routine Google search we spotted a flipbook PDF file, titled New 3rd Generation Intel Core Processors(11MB PDF file). The PDF file is open to public, and contains full line up of desktop and mobile microprocessors for January - April 2012. In addition to Core, Nehalem and Sandy Bridge models, that document also includes third generation Core i5-3xxx and i7-3xxx desktop and mobile chips:
Click on the image to zoom
The PDF doesn't list any i3-3xxx Ivy Bridge microprocessors, that are supposedly coming in May or June. Specifications of most processors in the document match previously leaked roadmaps. The flipbook does contain a few new previously unknown Ultra Low Voltage parts, such as Core i7-3517U and Core i5-3317U. Details of these ULV processors were disclosed by VR-Zone a few hours ago.
Related News (older articles):
Feb 23, 2012: Launch schedule of Ivy Bridge processors
Dec 19, 2011: Prices of Ivy Bridge desktop CPUs
Dec 13, 2011: Details of embedded and OEM mobile Ivy Bridge CPUs
Dec 06, 2011: Ivy Bridge mobile CPU lineup revealed
Nov 27, 2011: Ivy Bridge desktop CPU lineup details, part II
Nov 27, 2011: Ivy Bridge desktop CPU lineup details
Dec 19, 2011: Prices of Ivy Bridge desktop CPUs
Dec 13, 2011: Details of embedded and OEM mobile Ivy Bridge CPUs
Dec 06, 2011: Ivy Bridge mobile CPU lineup revealed
Nov 27, 2011: Ivy Bridge desktop CPU lineup details, part II
Nov 27, 2011: Ivy Bridge desktop CPU lineup details
Ivy Bridge (microarchitecture)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Ivy Bridge is the codename for Intel's 22 nm die shrink of the Sandy Bridge microarchitecture based on tri-gate ("3D") transistors. Ivy Bridge processors backwards-compatible with the Sandy Bridge platform might require a firmware update (vendor specific)[1][2], check here for chipset compatibility. Intel will release new 7-series Panther Point chipsets with integrated USB 3.0 to complement Ivy Bridge.[3]
Intel announced that it had begun production of Ivy Bridge chips in volume in the third quarter of 2011[4][5][6] with retail availability starting in April 2012,[7] one source specified April 8 as the availability date.[8] In February 2012, it was reported that Intel would postpone the launch of the dual-core mobile CPUs (not desktop CPUs or quad-core mobile CPUs) to June 2012 to allow more time to sell surplus inventory of Sandy Bridge CPUs, which accumulated due to slower than expected computer sales.[9]
Contents[show] |
[edit]Features
- Tri-gate transistor technology (less than 50% power consumption at the same performance level as 2-D planar transistors).[12]
- PCI Express 3.0 support.[13]
- Max CPU multiplier of 63 (57 for Sandy Bridge).[14]
- RAM support up to 2800MT/s in 200MHz increments.[citation needed]
- Intel HD Graphics with DirectX 11, OpenGL 3.1, and OpenCL 1.1 support.[15]
- The built-in GPU is believed to have up to 16 execution units (EUs), compared to Sandy Bridge's maximum of 12.[16]
- A new random number generator and the RdRand instruction,[17] codenamed Bull Mountain.[18]
- Intel Quick Sync Video.[16]
- DDR3L low voltage for mobile processors.
- Multiple 4K video playback.
Thermal design power (TDP), according to an October 2011 leaked Intel roadmap, will come in 77/65/55/45/35W options for desktop processors,[19] while Intel says that mobile processors will use variable TDP (for example TDP of 15W, which automatically rises to 35W when the laptop is plugged into a docking bay; with a corresponding rise in performance).[20]
[edit]Performance
Performance according to sources (compared to Sandy Bridge):
- Up to 20% increase in CPU performance.[21]
- 30% to 100% increase in integrated GPU performance.[22] [23]
[edit]Die Specification Comparison
| Sandy Bridge | Ivy Bridge | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Socket | Die Code Name | Cores | Cache | GPU EUs | Transistor count | Die size | Socket | Die Code Name | Cores | Cache | GPU EUs | Transistor count | Die size | |
| LGA 1155 | Sandy Bridge-HE-4 | 4 | 8MB | 12 | 995 Million[24] | 216 mm2 | LGA 1155 | Ivy Bridge-HE-4 | 4 | 8MB | 16 | 1.4 billion[25] | 160 mm2[26] | |
| Sandy Bridge-M-2 | 2 | 3MB | 6 | 504 Million | 131 mm2 | Ivy Bridge-HM-4 | 4 | 6MB[27] | 8 | |||||
| Sandy Bridge-H-2 | 2 | 4MB | 12 | 624 Million | 149 mm2 | Ivy Bridge-H-2 | 2 | 4MB | 16 | |||||
| LGA 2011 | Sandy Bridge-EP-4 | 4 | 10MB | N/A | 1.27 billion[28] | 294 mm2 | Ivy Bridge-M-2 | 2 | 3MB[29] | 8 | ||||
| Sandy Bridge-EP-8 | 6∗/8 | 20MB | N/A | 2.27 billion[30] | 435 mm2 | |||||||||
∗ 8-core with cores disabled for yield purposes.[31]
Citing issues with the 22 nm manufacturing process, Intel postponed the release of its 22 nm "Ivy Bridge" Core processor family by as much as 10 weeks. There still seems to exist some confusion surrounding this launch, which SweClockers sought to clear with its latest article containing important dates related to the launch.
- 8 April, 2012: This was supposed to be the day "everything" (all CPU models slated for April, compatible motherboards) launched. Instead on this day, motherboard vendors will launch their products based on Intel Z77, Z75, H77, and B75 chipsets. System builders (you) will have to use existing "Sandy Bridge" processors, which are very much compatible with those motherboards. You will not be able to buy "Ivy Bridge" processors from anywhere on this day.
- 29 April, 2012: This is when Intel will launch quad-core Core i5, Core i7 "Ivy Bridge". On this day, the media will be able to post reviews of the new processor platform. It's not clear if you'll be able to buy these chips on this day, either. Perhaps you might.
Continued
- 3 June, 2012: This is when Intel will launch the notebook platform based on "Ivy Bridge", dual-core "Ivy Bridge" processors, Q77 and Q75 chipset, and the much talked about Ultrabook "Ivy Bridge" form-factor
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